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Trinity, Nfld, Community, pop 240 (2001c), 277 (1996c), 326 (1991c), area 12.92 km2, inc 1969, is located on TRINITY BAY in NE Newfoundland. The first recorded English reference to the sizable, 3-armed harbour was in 1580 by Richard Whitbourne who, in 1615, held there the first court of admiralty in the New World. Though the nascent fishing outport was periodically raided by the French 1696-1713, Trinity grew as a major fortified fishing and trading centre.
In the 1720s local magistrates were appointed, and in 1730 a small church was erected, among the first such events in Newfoundland. In 1762 inhabitants yielded the town and fortifications to French Admiral de Ternay in exchange for a guarantee of safety. A strong, resident merchant class, mainly from Poole, Eng, a prosperous fishery, and extensive trade ensured Trinity's growth, and by the late 1700s it was one of the few settlements with benefit of clergy, magistrates and a surgeon. In 1800 John Clinch, resident surgeon-clergyman, became the first in N America to inoculate against smallpox, using vaccine sent him by his boyhood friend, Edward Jenner. Clinch also compiled a BEOTHUK vocabulary, the only linguistic record of Newfoundland's now extinct indigenous people. In 1833 the Roman Catholic Church of St John the Baptist was built; it remains one of the oldest standing buildings and the oldest Roman Catholic church in Newfoundland. The withdrawal of the great merchant firms after 1850 led to Trinity's decline as a major fishing centre. Because of its considerable past, the preservation of many of its historic buildings and records, and the restoration of some merchant premises, Trinity retains much of the look and flavour of a 19th-century town.
 Trinity
Author
JANET E.M. PITT
Suggested Reading
E. Hunt, Aspects of the History of Trinity (1981).
Links to Other Sites
Baccalieu: Crossroads For Cultures
This site is devoted to the colourful history of the Baccalieu Trail region of Newfoundland and Labrador. Focuses on the Beothuk people, early European settlements, and the pirates who plundered local communities. Check out the glossary, online timeline, historic documents, maps, learning activities and much more.
Trinity Historical Society
The website for the Trinity Historical Society, owner and operator of the Lester Garland House, a museum and education centre. Features a timeline of local history, a listing of local historic sites, and links to Virtual Museum sites that refer to the local region.
Trinity
The website for the Town of Trinity, a historic fishing community located on Newfoundland's Bonavista Peninsula.
St. Paul's Anglican Church
A brief history of St. Paul's Anglican Church, located in the Town of Trinity. From the Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage website.
Quaternary Geology and Till Geochemistry of the Bonavista Peninsula
A report about the till sampling and surficial geology mapping of the Bonavista Peninsula. From the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. A PDF file.
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