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The Treaty of Paris (1763), signed 10 February 1763 by France, Britain and Spain after 3 years of negotiations, ended the SEVEN YEARS' WAR. New France was surrendered by Governor Vaudreuil to a British invasion force at Montréal by the Articles of Capitulation on 8 September 1760. Prior to this the native allies of the French had reached an agreement with the British at Oswegatchie (25 August) and the Huron of Lorette had done likewise at Longueuil (5 September). The colony was under military occupation and under military rule until a definitive treaty of peace was negotiated.
By the terms of the treaty, Britain obtained Ile Royale [Cape Breton Island] and Canada, including the Great Lakes Basin and east bank of the Mississippi River, from France, and Florida from Spain. France retained fishing rights in Newfoundland and the Gulf of ST LAWRENCE, acquired Saint Pierre and Miquelon as an unfortified fishing station and had her lucrative West Indian possessions, trading centres in India and slaving station on the Île de Gorée (in present-day Senegal) restored. In accordance with the conditional capitulation of 1760, Britain guaranteed Canadians limited freedom of worship. Provisions were made for exchange of prisoners; Canadians were given 18 months to emigrate if they wished; and government archives were preserved. Britain had acquired a large empire and France was still able to challenge British naval supremacy, but Spain achieved none of her war aims. See also ROYAL PROCLAMATION OF 1763.
Author
CORNELIUS J. JAENEN
Links to Other Sites
Fort St. Joseph National Historic Site of Canada
This historic site is dedicated to Fort St. Joseph, a fortification constructed by the British to protect fur trading routes. Features interesting facts about War of 1812 military conflicts and more recent archaeological expeditions. From Parks Canada.
Forges du Saint-Maurice National Historic Site of Canada
This Parks Canada site presents the intriguing history of French and English iron making operations at Canada's first industrial village.
Fort Pitt Museum
An interesting account of the horrific 18th Century battles involving the British, French and Native Americans on the site of the former Fort Duquesne (in present day Pennsylvania.)
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