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Oneida, the smallest of the 5 nations of the IROQUOIS confederacy, occupied a single village near Oneida Lake in New York state for most of the historic era. They had only 3 matrilineal clans (Wolf, Bear and Turtle). Nine Oneida chiefs sat on the confederacy council. It is possible that it was an Oneida town that CHAMPLAIN attacked unsuccessfully in 1615; their town was burned by the French in 1696. Unlike most of their brethren in the confederacy, the Oneida espoused the rebel cause in the American Revolution, owing to the influence of the New England missionary Samuel Kirkland. They were subjected to American pressures to sell their New York lands, however, after the war.
A sizable portion of the tribe moved to Wisconsin, and another group of 242 individuals purchased a tract of land and settled near London, Ontario, in 1839. Although Methodist and Anglican when they migrated to Ontario, some have since taken up the HANDSOME LAKE RELIGION. In 1996, 5887 Oneida were registered with INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA. See also NATIVE PEOPLE, EASTERN WOODLANDS.
Author
THOMAS S. ABLER
Suggested Reading
B.G. Trigger, ed, Handbook of North American Indians, vol 15: Northeast (1978).
Links to Other Sites
Six Nations
Extensive site devoted to current and historical issues of importance to the Six Nations community.
Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples
The website for the "Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples." Click on the links for feature articles about Canada's many multicultural communities, access to their extensive digital archives collection, learning modules, and much more. From "Multicultural Canada."
Languages of Canada
A comprehensive online database of languages currently in use in Canada. Also provides details about extinct languages. Check out the "language maps" for more information. Based on "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition." From SIL International, a US website.
Raid on Deerfield
A narrated history of the 1704 Raid on Deerfield and its aftermath from Native and European perspectives. Also features fascinating stories about Native societies, cultures, trade practices, and traditions. This multimedia website is from the Memorial Hall Museum in Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Four Directions Teachings
Elders and traditional teachers representing the Blackfoot, Cree, Ojibwe, Mohawk, and Mi’kmaq share teachings about their culture. Animated graphics visualize each of the oral teachings. This website also provides biographies of participants, transcripts, and extensive learning resources for students and their teachers. In English with French subtitles.
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