|
Margarine (oleomargarine) is a butter substitute consisting mainly of refined, hydrogenated vegetable oils (canola and soybean), milk powder and water, with added salt, preservatives, emulsifiers, vitamins A and D, artificial flavour and vegetable colour. The soluble and insoluble ingredients are processed and heated in separate vats, then churned to form an emulsion, which is passed through heat exchangers to be cooled and hardened.
Invented by a Frenchman, Hyppolite Mège-Mouries, in 1869, margarine was soon patented and manufactured in many countries. Originally, beef fat and lard were used but later, with modern processing techniques, vegetable oils were introduced. More recently, concern about the role of saturated fats and oils in health has brought a greater use of polyunsaturated oils. Dairy farmers vigorously opposed the sale of margarine, and as a result it was regulated or prohibited in many countries. In Canada, the manufacture and sale of margarine was forbidden by an Act of Parliament in 1886. The ban was enforced until 1917, when wartime shortages of butter brought legalization; it was banned again in 1923. A lengthy conflict persisted between farmers and consumers, so that margarine did not become permanently legal until 1948, when Parliament referred the issue to the Supreme Court. Despite federal law, some provinces forbade the colouring of margarine; today the provinces permit it but control the colour. Production in Canada began quickly, rising from about 53,000 t in 1954 to 129,000 t in 1986. The output would be much greater if margarine were available in restaurants, but provincial laws require that eating places which serve margarine must display in large letters "Oleomargarine is served here." Thus the Canadian dairy farmer still has a measure of protection.
Author
ERWIN KREUTZWEISER
|
|
|
|
 |
|
| Time waits for no man… and neither do trains... |
|
| Pierre Elliott Trudeau, politician, writer, constitutional lawyer, prime minister of Canada 1968-79 and 1980-84 (b at ... |
|
|
| Few countries were affected as severely as Canada by the worldwide Depression of the 1930s. It is estimated that ... |
|
|
| Louis Riel, Métis leader, founder of Manitoba, central figure in the NORTH-WEST REBELLION (b at Red River ... |
|
|
| The Group of Seven was founded in 1920 as an organization of self-proclaimed modern artists. The original members - ... |
|
|
| Sir John Alexander Macdonald, lawyer, businessman, politician, first prime minister of Canada (b at Brunswick Place, ... |
|
|
| Few countries were affected as severely as Canada by the worldwide Depression of the 1930s. It is estimated that ... |
|
|
| John Ware, "Nigger John," horseman, rancher (b near Georgetown, SC 1845; d near Brooks, Alta 11 Sept 1905). ... |
|
|
| Créditistes, Québec party involved in federal politics. For nearly 2 decades before its 1958 formation ... |
|
|
| Julia Verlyn LaMarsh, "Judy," lawyer, politician, broadcaster, novelist (b at Chatham, Ont 20 Dec 1924; d at ... |
|
Browse the rich visual resources of The Canadian Encyclopedia through thematic galleries of Canadian Art, History, Nature, People, and Science and Technology.
Illustrations, lively text, animations, sounds and games help make learning about Canadian history, art, geography, architecture and other topics entertaining as well as informative.
The ultimate test of your knowledge of Canada, trivial and otherwise. You can choose from more than 60 dynamic quizzes with visual or text clues. Your scores depend on the speed with which you answer and the number of clues you need. Results are sent to you by email and high scores are posted on the site.
This unique resource includes more than 6000 events from Canadian and world history. It can be searched by era, subject, keyword or date. To find out what happened on your birthday, select the month and day of your birth.
This selection of the 100 "greatest" events in Canadian history was made by editor in chief James H. Marsh to draw attention to events that have left an indelible memory in the minds of later generations.
| THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MUSIC IN CANADA |
|
| Miller, Elma. Composer, clarinetist, pianist, writer, b Toronto 6 Aug 1954, B MUS (Toronto) 1977, M MUS (Toronto) 1979. She studied composition with Walter Buczynski , John Beckwith , Lothar Klein , and John Weinzweig , and ... |
|
|
