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Canadian Arctic expedition (1913-18), funded by the Canadian government and commanded by the controversial explorer Vilhjalmur STEFANSSON, was a mixture of achievement and disaster. Its accomplishments included the discovery of Lougheed, Borden, Meighen and Brock Islands and much valuable scientific work done by the zoologist R.M. Anderson, second in command, and by the ethnographer Diamond JENNESS.
But it was plagued by violent internal dissension; its ship, the KARLUK, was caught by ice off Alaska, and eventually 11 men were lost. The expedition strengthened Canada's claims to sovereignty over the Arctic, and established Stefansson's reputation as a genius to his admirers and a charlatan to his enemies. See also ARCTIC EXPLORATION; ARCTIC SOVEREIGNTY.
 Canadian Arctic ExpeditionStefansson's ice party leaving Collinson Point, Alaska, 16 March 1914 (courtesy National Archives of Canada/C-23659).
 ExplorersJohn Hadley was the only survivor of the Karluk shipwreck and Wrangel Island disaster to rejoin Vilhjalmar Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition (photo by W.M. Kinley, courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-71050).
Author
KENNETH S. COATES
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