Rush-Bagot Agreement

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Rush-Bagot Agreement, finalized Apr 1817. US Secretary of State James Monroe proposed to British Foreign Secretary Lord Castlereagh in 1816 that the 2 countries should agree to limit naval armaments to one ship each, on Lakes Ontario and Champlain, and 2 each on the Upper Lakes. Thus, in 1817, notes were exchanged between Acting Secretary of State Richard Rush and Sir Charles Bagot, British minister in Washington.

Since naval disarmament of the lakes was virtually complete after 1817, the Rush-Bagot Agreement is considered to have ended the British-US naval race and is frequently cited as the diplomatic origin of the friendly international border. In fact, only naval power on the lakes was affected, for the US and Britain continued to build land FORTIFICATIONS along the border for the next half century.

Bagot, Sir Charles
Bagot, Sir Charles
Governor general of Canada 1841-43, and negotiator of the treaty that eliminated armaments on the Great Lakes (courtesy Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library/T14996).

Author D.N. SPRAGUE


Links to Other Sites
Canada Treaty Information
This searchable online database provides the full text copies of international treaties in which Canada is a signatory. From the Treaty Section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

Rush-Bagot Treaty Demilitarizes Lakes
A brief summary of the implications of the Rush-Bagot Treaty between Great Britain and the United States. From the Canadian Military History Gateway.

The Undefended Border: The Myth and the Reality
An online booklet that discusses the sometimes uneasy relationship between Canada and its southern neighbour, the United States of America, in the 19th century. Published by the Canadian Historical Association. From the Library and Archives Canada website.

Statement of Significance – Michigan in the War of 1812
A concise summary of the lasting impact of the War of 1812 on the development of the state of Michigan. From the Michigan Commission on the Commemoration of the Bicentennial of the War of 1812. A PDF document.

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